Biological Theories of Crime Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Biological Theories of Crime - Research paper ExampleAccording to Johan Caspar, the facial features, as well as the shape of the skull, have an impact on the human get by. Ces ar Lombroso echoed this opinion. He theorized that other aspects of body organs, such(prenominal) as the size of hair and ears, were related to the conduct of individuals. This was so in that those individuals who had longer hair had higher chances of being criminals as they behaved to match the primitive temper of other primitive animals (Velden, 2010). The earlier theories of criminality tried to relate the physical features of an individuals body, such as deformity, disability and ugliness with crime (Brewer, 2000). Fundament each(prenominal)y, the biological theories of crime put the biological traits of an individual as the main factor that affects their behavior and the way they act. However, the modern biological theories of crime have related their observations and arguments to the whole kit and boo dle of Charles Darwin (Wilson, 1980). These theories postulate that crime is a factor of the process of man trying to adapt to the environment. There are various theories that have been put across to establish the relationship between the biological make up of an individual and their behaviors and actions. Such theories include the constitutional theories and the psychological theories. Psychoanalytic Theory is one of the psychological theories postulating that all(prenominal) human beings have some aspects of natural urges that are suppressed in their subconscious (Velden, 2010). According to this opening, all individuals have criminal urges and tendencies. However, through the process of behavioral victimisation, socialization and the build of self-control such urges and tendencies are restrained (Brewer, 2000). If there is that lack of control learnt by individuals during their childhood, and if there happens to be a faulty appellation by a child with his parents, a criminal b ehavior develops. The aspect of lack of proper development in a child may develop personality disturbance, which is a responsible for developing antisocial tendency either inwardly or outwardly. According to this theory, a child who directs the antisocial impulses inwardly becomes restless, maculation the one who directs them outwardly becomes a criminal (Wilson, 1980). Cognitive development theory is another psychological theory that postulates that criminal behavior emanates from the way individuals organize their thoughts on deterrent exampleity and law (Brewer, 2000). According to this theory, individuals undergo troika levels of goodity development, where each stage can shape the tendencies for individuals to become criminals, based on their moral feature development at each stage. At the first level of moral development, which is the preconventional level, individuals moral argument is based on obedience and the fear of punishment (Velden, 2010). This is mostly found at the previous(predicate) stages of childhood. When individuals get to the middle stages of childhood, they enter the conventional level of moral development. At this level, individuals develop moral reasoning and behaviors based on what their families and others expect of them. After this stage, an individual proceeds to early adulthood stage. This is the post-conventional level of moral behavior development. At this stage, individuals do value the social conventions and laws, but are at a license to adapt changes that will eventually change such social convention