Values and Ethics in America Case Study

BA 3102 – Summer 2, 2012 Video Case Assignment â€Å"End Game: Values and Ethics in America† 1. The most ethical decision is if she turns left into town and report the accident to the police. Even if she turns herself in and jeopardizes to lose her school-funding grant, she knows she did the right thing and her conscious is clean. She caused a fatal accident that killed the other driver, which means she must report to the police. If she doesn’t, then her friend should turn her in and help her for the long run. Human moral and ethical values are more important then the award for the school grant and reputation in the company.In the Deckop Chapter article-â€Å"Theoretical Bases for Analyzing the Ethics of a Decision†, it compares the utilitarianism and universalism theories. It states that utilitarianism is regarding â€Å"the greatest good for the greatest number and the ends justify the means†. It’s not ethical to disregard the law and serve the greater good. If she was killed in a deadly car accident, I’m sure she would want someone to report her death to the police who would later notify her loved ones. Running away from an accident is not only unethical, but is also a crime and there is no justification for it.The consequences of fleeing a crime scene is more severe than turning yourself in. â€Å"The pressures of a situation may cause one to apply self-serving biases that while in the short-run appear acceptable, in the long-run result in damage to one’s firm, career or self in terms of staying true to ethical principals and human morals†(Desktop, 2008). I strongly agree with this statement. If she won’t report to the police, and deny what she did, she would be living with her guilt knowing she knew what was the right thing to do, but she made the wrong decision.By knowing she is responsible for someone’s life and didn’t notify anybody, in the long run, it will destroy her emotionally (guilt, depression or even suicide). 2. I think I made the right choice for Julia because either way she would have had to face the consequences. If she turns herself into the police, most likely she would get arrested for drinking and driving. She would possibly lose her school-funding grant that all her students dependent on her. She would also lose her reputation as being a good teacher, but one thing she would be acknowledged for is that she was honest and admitted for her action.However, if she don’t turn herself in, she would have to live on the rest of her life guilty knowing she hided the truth. In the long run the truth will be revealed. Part 3 doesn’t change anything for me, because I knew that the follow-up would be that she would hide the truth in order not to damage her reputation in the school, along with not letting her students down. Running away from reality is always easier then facing the truth and admitting for our wrongdoings. Many comp anies think they can get away with fraud or unethical decision-making, until they either get caught or they turn themselves in.You need to know where to draw the line between personal responsibility and accountability. 3. My decision in question 1 is more consistent with universalism then utilitarianism because universalism focuses on ethical decision making, assuming the decision-maker is following the right morals and values. For example, Julia should report to the police and turn herself in, just as if her loved ones would like to know if she was in a fatal car accident and who is responsible for her death.Also the universalism theory states that everybody is equal and moral ethics apply to everyone no matter what background or culture you are from. Universal ethics explains which behaviors are right or wrong. These ethical standards apply to everybody worldwide. It’s something that a virtuous person is supposed to adhere to and believe in, just like manners that you learn from home. Most manners are universal, though some vary from culture to culture. As a result, I strongly agree with the universalism decision-making tool.

Personal Constructs Theory Essay

Kelly offered a fresh and enlightening means of understanding human psychology. He presented personal construct theory as a complete, innovative and elaborated abstraction of how people make sense of their world and themselves. It is unique since it can be seen as metatheory, a theory about theories. It holds that people anticipate events by the meanings or interpretations that they place on those events. Kelly called these interpretations personal constructs. His philosophical position, called constructive alternativism, assumes that alternative interpretations are always available to people. Simply, it means that our interpretation of the future are subject to revision or are bound to change. In this manner, a person construe their world from different angles and whatever that angle is, it may not be the right angle in the future. Kelly believed that people construe events according to their personal constructs rather than reality. He also postulated that a person is, in some way, a scientist or vice versa. People generally attempt to solve everyday problems in much the same fashion as scientists; that is, they observe, ask questions, formulate hypotheses, infer conclusions, and predict future events and because scientists are people, their pronouncements should be regarded with the same skepticism as any other data. His assumption was human behavior is shaped by the way people anticipate the future and the constructions made earlier are replaced later in life. Accordingly, it is somehow true to myself. In the simplest experience, when I was in elementary, I wanted to become Pharmacy no matter what it takes or how long will it take. My perception was to go to college earning a pharmacy degree which in essence is the construction I made personally. Then, I went to high school, unexpectedly, I changed my mind. Even though I hold on to my dream of being a Pharmacy, I wasn’t able to reach that because I’ve changed, my wants change. As to the 11 Supporting corollaries postulated by Kelly such as (1) Construction Corollary, a search for repeated themes – replications (2) Individuality Corollary, individuals differ from each other in terms of how they interpret events (3) Organization Corollary, constructs are interrelated and subsuming (4) Dichotomy Corollary, constructs are bipolar and finite in number (5) Choice Corollary, movement in a direction which elaborates the construct system and leads to definition or extension (6) Range Corollary, a construct is applicable for a range of events (7) Experience Corollary, systems change through validation and invalidation (8) Modulation Corollary, permeability of constructs allows the assimilation of new events (9) Fragmentation Corollary, sub-systems of constructs may not be logically related (10) Commonality Corollary, similarity of others is based on similarity of construing. (11) Sociality Corollary, relating to others is successful when the person understands others construing. Among these corollaries, arising from individual’s experience, I consider Individuality Corollary as very true to myself. Kelly’s Individuality Corollary, which states that a person differ from each other in their own constructions of events, stresses how unique the individual is or how individual differences can be visualize.

Project Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Project Risk Management - Essay Example They are present almost everywhere like in business, homes, and government agencies. Government agencies are using digital mediums to improve their governance style like filing of taxes, utility bill payments, pension payment etc. Through the use of e-governance the government is trying to speed up the process and reduce cost at the same time. Because of computers we can now use digital evidence to solve crime and prosecute the offenders at a much faster pace. Many a times the law enforcement agencies and judiciary can’t handle such evidences. There is an ample shortage of judges and attorneys who understand technology. Digital courtrooms refer to use of technology to run the courtrooms so that prosecution or trials can be done at a much faster pace and at considerably low cost. They use electronic evidence which can be effective at implicating the criminal. Electronic evidence refers to the information and data which of investigative value and stored in the electronic medium. With new advancement of technology digital forensic specialist will ensure that the evidence meets the standards. In such trials both the parties need not be present in the courtrooms. They can be connected via internet and use their laptops or other visual mediums to get connected to the digital courtrooms. It reduces the cost to a great extent. Risk Identification To make the judicial system digital, necessary infrastructure needs to be built upon; it means technical platforms are needed to be put in place for the data systems (software, equipment, networks and standard services). The aim should be that the same standard platforms should be able to serve the data systems which will be implemented in the coming years (Kendrick, 2009, p67). The users in the digital courtrooms will now require graphical user interfaces and easy to use systems should be installed. Else it would be difficult for all to comprehend and use the devices (Pmp and Knapp, 2010, p65). One of the most common f orms of digital devices to be used is audio devices. One needs to ask the question whether digital recording is better than human reporting or it may cause more trouble. There can be problems like botched recordings, microphone mishaps etc. can lead to a mistrial in the courtroom (Institution of Civil Engineers (Great Britain), 2005, p67). Also with the introduction of new digital courtrooms the pending cases must be first integrated to the system. It may result in few cases not making it through (Bartlett, 2004, p78). With the era of digital information comes the question of security and reliability. The reliability of the saved digital devices must be ascertained at first (Raftery, 2003, p99). It is not impossible to create a fake digital recording or fake videos to implicate someone. Again the security issue must also be looked at. Making the courtrooms digital implies that all of the data needs to be stored somewhere. With the advent of newer technologies it its becoming increas ingly important to keep the data secured from data theft (Grey,

Recommendation Report on Water Provision Methods at St. Osyth Essay

Recommendation Report on Water Provision Methods at St. Osyth - Essay Example Alternative ways of providing water t-o people living in this area is necessary so as to eliminate problems associated with water scarcity such as starvation and dehydration. This report is a recommendation of the best ways to provide water in these arid areas for the people around there (Funamizu et al, 2008; p. 15). The participants in this investigation were drawn from different t sectors in order to understand how the geographical limits would be combated in order to deliver effective provision of water. Background information St. Osyth in the coastal strip of East Anglia in Britain was identified as one of the areas that require recommendations of efficient water supply. Off0icially, it is the driest area in Britain with an annual rainfall of 20.20 in (513mm). As such, two ways of water provisions were selected for analysis and comparison in order to identify if whether both can be alternatively applied or if only one can be adopted for success of solving water shortage and cris is that often characterized these regions. These investigation and its consequent recommendations follow a long list of studies that have been done in identifying the problems associated with water supply and sanitation and that also face the OECD countries. However, several problems have been identified with regard to water supply and sanitation in general. The major problem has always been the balance of cost and sustainability with regard to water supply infrastructure.... Water provision typology Decentralized versus Centralized infrastructure Decentralized water provision infrastructure describes a local source of water and is also treated locally. At St. Osyth, wells can be dug in large scale in order to provide water at the local levels for use. The area administration should take it upon itself to commission a couple of large wells that have the potentials of producing enough water that can sustain the demand. The harvest of grey water which describes the recycling of non-industrial waste water, majorly a product of the domestic usage can be put into good use. The water is harvest treated and stored to feed the demand when the levels of water in the wells go down. According to USEPA, this non-industrial water is undrinkable but can fit efficiently in flushing of toilets, farm irrigation and other necessary purposes apart from drinking. Decentralized water infrastructure also includes the reclamation of water. Reclaimed water refers to originally w aste water but which been subjected to different levels of treatment in order to remove certain water impurities and solid waste. This water can be used for fire suppression, dust control and most importantly irrigation. When highly advanced treatment methods are applied, the reclaimed water can be used for more potable use such discharging the water into another water body before being utilized in other potable systems (Dolnicar and Schafer, 2009; p. 83). Centralized Fresh water Rain and storm water, reclaimed and grey water may be described under decentralized infrastructure but can also be identified as a singly different way of providing water at St.Osyth. However, in this case the most

Assignment 3 international relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assignment 3 international relations - Essay Example Rendition program, an effective counter-terrorism program designed by US government, has been a breakthrough taken to enforce human rights and enhance a safer-political and economic life to its people. This piece of research paper highlights the meaning, rationale and significances of rendition program. This paper presents an analysis of goals and specific objectives of the rendition program and detail how this program has become a threat to people as they are unable to identify a list of human rights that are to be protected. Rendition Program Rendition or extraordinary rendition program refers to the apprehension and extra-judicial transfer of an individual, who has been suspect of terrorism, from one country to another. Hastedt and Guerrier (2010) described the legal perspective and meaning of Rendition Program. It is a practice of handling over an individual or group to another authority. Rendition has been associated with Central Intelligence Agency’s abduction of those w ho have been suspected of being involved in terrorism and handling them over to foreign intelligence agencies where they will be held interrogative (p. 654). United States have allegedly transferred thousands of suspected terrorists to countries that are very known to use quite harsh interrogation and cross-checking, often with torturing. This is described as ‘Torture by proxy’. Concept of rendition is not very new, but it has been traced back to early 1980s when rendition was used to arrest the hijackers of the Achille Lauro, in a way that agents of country were abducting a person suspected of crimes in foreign country and by transporting him to another country (Henner, 2009, p. 407). In 1995, US President Bill Clinton authorized, by a presidential decision directive, the arresting of terrorists in foreign countries. The directive clearly stated that if US did not receive adequate cooperation from a state that harbored a terrorist whose extradition we were seeking, the US would be rightful to take appropriate measures to induce cooperation (Henner, 2009, p. 408). According to this directive, Central Intelligence Agency began detaining of individuals in foreign countries to be tortured or held indefinitely without any legal or rightful recourse. CIA began to detain such individuals in foreign countries for mere torturing and never for trialing them. The above mentioned rendition program, approved by Bill Clinton in 1995, targeted returning suspected Islamic Terrorists to foreign countries where they are demanded for criminal execution and torture as well. CIA has assured that suspects won’t be tortured, in order to be compliant with International Convention Against Torture, and the main purpose behind it, as CIA claimed, was to disrupt terrorist attacks and not to gather information from them (Hastedt and Guerrier, 2010, p. 654). US had mainly two concerns after the incident of 9/11 attack. What to do with high-ranking Al-Qaeda terrorists a nd to catch them to interrogate them are these two major concerns.

Double standard for sexual relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Double standard for sexual relations - Essay Example A girl with the same sexual experience will surely become subject to ridicule and disrespect. Guys will take advantage of her, use her, and try to get her to bed. She will have a hard time having girlfriends as she will surely be avoided and despised out of disgust. She will surely become the talk of the school and will be labeled as a "slut." The stud-slut system is but one of the various manifestations of sexual double standard in the society where we live. Men are not exempt from the injustice of double standards. Having friends from the opposite sex during a relationship is also subject to the sexuality of who's making friends with whom. Girls will always tend to justify their relationships with other guys since they are known to be "always in control of their emotions" and are "able to separate boyfriends from boy friends." The situation is a lot more different when guys are concerned. A man who has a close friend while in a relationship is always confronted and accused of dishonorable things especially unfaithfulness. He may even be charged for keeping that special friend in times of "loneliness." With these experiences, it is apparent that double standard has become a bitter fact of life. It is one of the things which I need to live with. However, I am totally against sexual double standards. ... Double standard greatly violates one tenet of justice known as impartiality-the principle that "same standards be applied to all people, without regard to subjective bias or favoritism." I believe that the existence of double standard clearly implies the toleration of discrimination, unfairness, inequality, and prejudice. Thus, in order to promote justice in the society, double standard should be eliminated. I strongly support that men and women should have a fair playing field where each one receives equal reaction and recognition of what they "do" and not of what they "are." The widespread double standard in our society is warranted by various justifications. Most individuals have already taken the existence of double standard for granted arguing that sexual double standard is natural and that's the way things should be. Society has readily accepted that some things are naturally "men's" things while some are "women's." A good example of this is the widespread perception that men are polygamous, allowing them to sleep around even if they are in a relationship while women are expected to be faithful to their respective husbands. However, viewing that the existence of double standard as natural is also another way of accepting that prejudice and injustice are natural phenomena. The above illustrations of double standard emphasizes the fact that double standard tolerates misbehavior of one gender using "human nature" as a cover up. In our society, infidelity is perceived to be acceptable only when committed by the male population. The argument here is that, misbehavior should be totally reprimanded and eradicated as it destructs and endangers the morality of the whole community. I am filled with disgust just thinking about the number of families being shattered by

Business venture to enter the UK supermarket market Coursework

Business venture to enter the UK supermarket market - Coursework Example As per initial estimates, the cost of setting up the new store to operational status will be ?20,000,000 and the company's cost of capital has been estimated at 5%. In order to bridge the financing gap between the project cost and the company's internal funds, a long term bank loan has been arranged. The following tables outlines the expected free cash flows that the company is expected to obtain from operations: Free Cash Flows Time line Years 1 - 3 Years 4 - 8 Year 8 onwards Yearly breakdown Receive ?1,000,000 for 3 years Grow @ 10% per year Grow @ 2% per year Aggregate amount ?3,000,000 ?5,105,100 ?73,205,000 Discounted to t = 0 ?56,158,034 After taking into consideration the initial outlay of ?20,000,000, the NPV of the project is ?36,158,034. This indicates that the business proposition of entering the UK grocery market is a financially viable and will lead to positive returns in the future. 2.2 Payback Criterion Payback criterion is used to calculate the time it takes for the c ash inflows of the project to offset the cash outflows and provide an estimate of the time it will take to recover an investment. Provided the maximum loan term tenor granted is ten years, the payback criterion gives us a time line of 14.47 years, which translates into a minimum repayment period of 14 years and 6 months. This is conditional on the yearly free cash flows being used in their entirety to fund the loan repayment. Therefore, despite the profitability of the project, the proposed means of financing is not ideal for such a project where the returns are mainly realized in the long term. 3. Key Risks and Mitigants 3.1 Loan Repayments As mentioned above, the payback period for the loan exceeds the maximum tenor available. As a possible solution, the... As mentioned above, the payback period for the loan exceeds the maximum tenor available. As a possible solution, the company can enter into a loan guarantee contract, whereby repayments are guaranteed by a third party. There will be a commission charged for this service, but provided that the company might be in need of future term loan arrangements, it is imperative that the loan repayments are made on schedule to avoid a negative impact on the company's credit history. Following upon the risk of taking out a loan to finance the business venture, there is the possibility of interest rate risk affecting the project. Given the uncertain and volatile nature of the current financial markets, changes in interest rates can affect the mark up payments the company will have to make, inadvertently affecting the cost of capital of the company. One way to offset this risk includes taking out a call option on the interest rate. This option will effectively put an upper cap on interest rate volatility and going forward will limit the losses accruing to the company resulting from a sudden rise in interest rates. Asdy will be operating in an industry which is highly susceptible to inflation risk, or risk owing to the rise in prices of retail products. Unexpected increase in inflation can have an impact on the dynamics of the UK consumer spending and affect the future cash inflows for the company.

Robotics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Robotics - Essay Example Use of robotics saves time to many people in the economy. This is because of their fast speed in performing tasks. An ordinary man is not likely to embrace time consuming processes and will look for means to avoid this. Taking an example of banking services, most people do not like going to queue to withdraw money over the counter. The invention of automatic teller machines (ATMs) has therefore, stepped in to solve this and I am sure many people like it. Today people can withdraw money using ATM cards any time anywhere they want. Considering the fact that we cannot get rid robots in the economy, it is necessary that the society invent ways to control the transition to the economy of robots. In that case according to Henderson, H. (2006), there is need for a maximum economic stability to curb any potential economic downturn following the displacement of workers by robots. It will be best if there is confidence of consumers in the economy to avoid people keeping their money in fear of spending it when they are rendered jobless. Creation of a good pool of innovators enables the society to manage the transition to robotic economy. This stirs up new business, and product innovations, inventions among others. This then ensures that capitalism in the economy is at is strongest point. Therefore, transition to robotic economy will not pose challenges to the society at any level. It is clear that robotic economy will come with many changes. It is best then the society is able to manage the negative changes that are likely to come with the robotic economy. The society needs to ensure that people who work in the low-paying sector of the economy get their wages raised to a relatively higher level. In that case, those rendered unemployed by robots and decide to take up low-paying jobs are able to maintain a relatively better standard of living (Henderson, 2006). This also can be justified by the fact that robotic economy is cost-effective.

The growth in internet use has affected cultures around the world, Essay - 4

The growth in internet use has affected cultures around the world, leading to a westernised, homogenous world culture - Essay Example Triandis (1989) pointed out that other cultures learn from western culture in view of the individualism western conception: collective objectives are surpassed by individual ones implying that individuals are important. This essay will therefore, argue how the Internet use growth has affected many cultures globally, leading to a westernized, homogenous world culture. Furthermore, it will evaluate this claim critically in relation to youth culture, business, and politics. The use of the Internet growth has affected the youth culture globally, leading to a westernized, homogenous world culture. In particular, in the web content development many teenagers tend to be active participants. The capability of the youths as contributors was increased immensely by the web 2.0 dawn. Their capability as contributors was increased to web content and not passive consumers. According to Shim (2007), the association between the youth and media is another development of the internet culture. The varying framework of social media facilitates the establishment of large-scale and ad-hoc as well as formal online communities, where generated content of the user flourishes. With regards to this, the user generated content also created by photographers who share their photos, musicians who publicize their music and bloggers who post news. The reduced cost of distributing materials and of synchronizing innovative efforts facilitate the youth to create their content and toge ther work with others in political, economic, and social activities (Goggin and McLelland, 2009). A lot of youths are getting in expanding and are building relationships with their existing friends. Shim (2007) noted that not all youths are permanently engaged to the internet are committed to productions of contents. Unlike offline interaction, interactions online are not limited to a geographical area. Through the social media, youths are interacting, sharing

Design a Trussed Bridge to Measure Strength to weight ration Essay

Design a Trussed Bridge to Measure Strength to weight ration - Essay Example Design a Trussed Bridge to Measure Strength to weight ration In this design competition, two models of Warren truss (Bridge A and Bridge B) are presented. The aim of the competition is to provide an analytical approach to the bridge design by subjecting the prototypes to damaging failures. In the designs of Bridge A and bridge B, â€Å"scientific principles, mathematical tools, and engineering concepts† are considered. Experimental testing gave the results as follows; Bridge A with a mass of 0.1892 Kg and 0.3m supports a mass of 25.251Kg, whereas Bridge B with a mass of 0.2003 Kg supported a mass of 5.729 Kg. 1. Introduction Bridges are solutions to complex puzzles. They help in overcoming common problems presented by rivers and lakes. Application of basic engineering principles results in the design of a model to mimic the actual bridge structures. The best bridge structure the one designed to be â€Å"most efficient, elegant, and safest† (Cronn-Mills 215). A truss is a common and basic design in bridge structures. It is a compi lation of straight members organized to transmit any load to entire structure (Zureick 51). The design used here in the Warren truss (Figure 1). Figure 1: Truss Bridge Geometry Materials Common truss bridges are from steel. However, in cases of minimal loads wooden truss bridges are used. When designing a bridge from any material, material stress is calculated. (Kappos 70). When the stress value is too high then the designer remains with only two options; increasing cross sectional area of the structure or redesign the geometry to allow even distribution of loads (Cronn-Mills 252). Either of the choice has a negative impact on the structure. Increasing cross sectional area will increase the weight of the structure to the truss (Zureick 52). (Zureick 52). This might cause more geometrical problems leading to poor performance of the bridge structure (Jurado 103). On the other hand, redesigning the geometry introduces more connections, which increases the possible failure points (Zurei ck 52). Objectives The main objective of the bridge design task is to design a final prototype bridge structure that can support heavy loads before undergoing damaging failure. Two structures are designed with the same material but in different ways. (i) Bridge A is designed with more triangle structures and a combination of both hollow cylindrical and rectangular members in the structure. (ii) Bridge B is designed with less triangular structures and larger cross section area than bridge B. It uses only the rectangular hollow members in the entire structure. Truss Loads There are three types of loads all bridges must withstand, the dead loads, live loads, and dynamic loads (Zureick 53).. (i) Dead Load The weight due to the bridge structure is the dead load. It comprises of the weight of truss â€Å"members, gusset plates, and road deck† (Kappos 71). Dead loads will not change during the life span of the bridge. This load can be computed by computing the weight of one truss me mber. (ii) Live Load This is the weight due to things moving over the bridge. Live loads are temporarily on the bridge and changes from time to time (Zureick 53). (iii) Dynamic Load Temporary load tends to perturb the bridge structure for a short time. Such load includes wind load acting against the side faces of the truss (Jurado 111). It results in the truss experiencing a drag force. 2. Methodology 2.1. Model Bridge designing Bridge A and bridge B are designed

Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

Arthur Miller Essay Arthur Miller was born in New York City on October 17th, 1915. His parents were both immigrants in the United States and lead a prosperous life because of the success of his fathers clothing manufacturing business. But the arrival of the disastrous Wall Street crash distorted his business along with the rest of the American economy. As the result, Miller worked as a warehouseman. A View from the Bridge was in a single act in its first version and was produced this way first in verse in 1955. This was then revised and was extended into a two-act play in 1956 when it was presented at the Comedy Theatre in London. In this assignment I will be discussing the role of the protagonist in A View from the Bridge, and I will look into his downfall and the part that he played in it. I will also be looking at the Aristotelian elements of a tragedy that Miller has used, and I will be highlighting and explaining the important dialogue and stagecraft. The play is set in a domestic area of New York called Red Hook and he describes it as the slum that faces the bay on the seaward side of Brooklyn Bridge. It has its roots in the late 1940s when Miller became interested in the everyday lives and work of the dockworkers of New Yorks Brooklyn harbour, where he had previously worked. He described it as a dangerous and mysterious world at the waters edge that drama and literature had never touched where many people worked and were poorly paid, exploited by their bosses, and importantly many were immigrants to the United States. This led to them being treated unequally and they faced racism as the whites were considered as a powerful race. Other factors that played a part in Miller writing this play was the Cold War, which occurred during the 1940s and which affected the economy and arose censorship and freedom. During this time a young lawyer friend of Millers also told him a story about a longshoreman who had ratted to the Immigration Bureau on two brothers, who were living illegally in his very own home. He also visited Sicily a few years later where he say huge levels of poverty that played a part in him including characters of Italian origin and keeping poverty as one of the main themes of this play. These above factors were the entire cultural context that led to Miller writing yet another very influential play A View from the Bridge. This play is a modern tragedy and Miller has followed the rules of a tragedy written by the famous Greek Philosopher Aristotle in a book called Poetics. This book stated that for a play to be a tragedy it should have certain characteristics. Miller has followed these Aristotelian features carefully and this can be seen in the play. Firstly, a prologue accompanies the play in order to make it easier for the audience to concentrate more on the actual lesson being taught by the play rather that getting confused. Alfieri acts as the chorus/narrator, the audiences interpreter of events; he is both commentator and participant in the play and punctuates the action. He introduces new themes and at the same time informs us about the present events and reminds us of past events. He creates interest in the audience by giving them clues and signs of future events, for example we know that the play will end in someones death as he mentions sat there as powerless as I, and watched it run its bloody course. A sense of inevitability is also created in Aristotelian tragedies that can be seen in the above dialogue where Alfieri feels powerless and suggests that this has happened before and is therefore retrospective. Another device known as hubris is also used which is a point in the play of no return and creates immense inevitability. The audience is made to feel a purging of emotions, which is a device known as catharsis. This along with pauses between dialogue and dramatic irony, which is when the audience knows more than the characters, creates tension and heightens their sympathy for some characters or heightens hatred for others. Stage Directions have been used well and they build on dialogue and show how the characters are feeling. Miller has also used stagecraft to an extensive level, and he uses the stage and effects such as lighting to symbolise conflict and other things. For example, the stage consists of the Carbone household and Alfieris law office which represents a conflict between natural and constitutional law, a main theme of the play. This is also an effective use of unity of time and place as the main places of action have been put closely to avoid confusion. Tragedies are also meant to teach and are therefore didactic. For example, community bonds and effects of betrayal are highlighted when Eddie recites to Catherine a fable about former neighbour Vinny Bolzano who had snitched to the immigration about his uncle. He uses this as a warning to Catherine and to make it clear to her the consequences of telling anyone about the illegal entry of Beatrices cousins. They should also involve universal truths so that people can relate to the play with real life. This play teaches many universal truths such as how to love, natural and constitutional law and the community. There is also a unity of time and place which is a device used so that it is easier for the audience to understand the action and so that they can focus on the morals taught by the play. Miller has carefully set up the tragic heros role in this play, in a way so that he matches the description of Aristotles tragedy characteristics. The protagonist isnt famous or rich, but he is seen to have the potential to become great. He also has a fall, which in this case is his death and is caused by a flaw or an error of judgement that is also occurs here. The fall also inspires pity and terror in the audience and in the process teaches them. The other characters are also affected by this fall but in the end there is a restoration of order.

Syntactic Development of Children Essay Example for Free

Syntactic Development of Children Essay Language developmentphonology, semantics, syntax and pragmaticsplays a key role in child development; whereas it acts as an indicator for the important facets of child progression, its’ more important function is that it facilitates the child’s course of learning in terms of linguistics and cognitive abilities.   The pattern and capacity of the child learner for language developmentthe acknowledgement of morphemes and the use of syntax-is normally referred to as â€Å"First Language Acquistion.† Chomsky (1975), one of the major proponents of Nature’s role in acquisition, contended that there exist a universal grammar and that the child-learners (/infants/growing child) have innate, language-specific abilities that facilitate and constrain language learning. Children are said to develop an almost innate or automatic synaptic rules without explicit instruction from their surroundings/environment. The generative language and the transformation adopts a minimalist approach wherein there is economy in terms of derivation and representation in grammar and syntax.   Chomsky (1959;65) suggested the Bare Phase Structure wherein sentence building is derivational, not pre-conceived, binarily-branched, and no recognizable head and terminal parts. Up to now, such notion is vague and problematic. Basically, language development starts from two-word utterances during the early stage of the child’s life to a rule-governed system of language at ages three to four. Past four years old, the child starts to explore and learn morphology ‘creatively’. Concomitant to this is the development of Mean Length Utterances (MLUs) from simple telegraphic morphemes to grammatical morphemes. Grammatical morphemes refer to the inflection of content (e.g. number and tenses) and function of words (e.g. preposition and articles) (Brown 1973). Acquisition of grammatical morphemes follows a certain order which is dependent on the complexity of the (set of) words. Prepositions, plural forms and present progressive tenses are easily acquired compared to contractible copula and auxiliary forms of the words. Such order is determined by semantic and syntactic complexity. Learners from pre-school and first grade have the capacity to correctly apply grammatical morphemes to novel words. Dulay and Burt (1978;82) constructed the acquisition hierarchy for 13 English grammatical morphemes for Spanish-speaking- and Cantonese-speaking children which is summarily describes as follows: Group 1 (Nominative/Accusative: simple declarative sentences), Group II (singular copula, s/p auxiliary, progressive), Group III (Past Irregular, possessive, 3rd person singular, conditional auxiliary, long plural) and Group IV (perfect auxiliary and past participle). The problem with such assumption on interlanguage is that the theory is too reduced or oversimplified. While it is true that syntactic development follows a process, the major problems involved are the different comparison groups used for the study, the progression is not systematically defined, and of course, there exist the language variation. Such language variation is real and must be accepted as a challenge for future research on the subject. To fully understand interlanguage, future researchers should consider a wider scope in cognitive and linguistic aspects correlated to early learning. Works Cited Brown, R. A First Language: The Early Stages. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP,1973. Chomsky, N. Reflections on Language. NY: Pantheon Books, 1975. Chomsky, Noam. 1959. Review of Verbal Behavior by B.F. Skinner. Language 35, 26-58. Chomsky, Noam. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1965 Dulay, H., and M. Burt.. Errors and strategies in child second language acquisition. TESOL Quaterley 1974, 8, 129-136. Dulay, H., and M. Burt. Some remarks on creativity in language acquisition. In William C. Ritchie (ed.). Second Language Acquisition Research, NY: Academic Press, 1978. Dulay, H.,M.Burt, and S. D. Krashen. Language Two. New York: Oxford UP, 1982. Dulay, H., E. Hernandez-Chavez, and M. Burt. The process of becoming bilingual. In S. Singh and J. Lynch (ed). Diagnostic Procedures in Hearing, Speech and Language. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1978, 251-303.

Apples Ethics And Supplier Code Of Conduct

Apples Ethics And Supplier Code Of Conduct Apple, Inc. is an American multinational corporation that designs and markets consumer electronics, computer software, and personal computers. Apple surpassed the software giant Microsoft, in May 2010 and secured the reputation of the largest and one of the most valuable companies of the era. The company operates 301 retail stores scattered across ten different countries as per August 2010. Its traditionally well known for its Mackintosh line of personal computers. As years passed by, Apple has gained a significance amount of reputation in the global market by the introductions of products such as iPad, iPhone and the latest introduced iPad. The following throws light on Apples supplier responsibility program, its code of ethics and also the controversy it was recently involved with electronic leader, Foxconn. Company Perspectives Apple Inc. is devoted to creating the finest music and personal computing experience for every single one of its users, from students to educators, business professionals to government officials and other consumers by means of ground-breaking hardware, software, internet offerings, peripherals, and services. Apples business approach powers its distinctive ability, through the design and progression of its personal operating system, hardware, and countless technologies and software applications, to provide its customers with the latest creations and simple solutions through outstanding innovative industrial design. Company History Before being able to produce some of the finest computer products we have nowadays, Apple went through countless processes and hurdles. Apple was established in 1976 by two college dropouts, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. Also part of the team was Ronald Wayne, who was older and had personal assets of his own. Waynes uncertainty of the company worried him about the risk of investing his assets, and resulted with him selling his share back to Wozniak and Jobs for $800. That same share of the company would be worth over 3 billion dollars today (Linzmayer, 2011). The main objective of starting the company was to sell their first invention, The Apple I, which took place on January 3rd, 1977. It was successful for use at the time as it only included the most important parts: a straightforward motherboard plus CPU, RAM and very simple textual-video chips. Only a few months later, The Apple II was released during April, 1977. By the end of 1978, the United States saw Apple to be one of the fastest-emerging companies having its products available through 100 dealers. Apples development continued to grow with more and more developments and by December 1980, the company went public. Within only minutes, 4.6 million shares were sold at $22 each (Linzmayer, 2011). The company was formerly recognized as Apple Computer Inc., for the first 30 years, but later removed computer from its name to reflect its expansion into consumer electronics and wanted a better portrayal as a lifestyle powerhouse rather than just personal computers. It continued to produce some of its popular products today including the Macintosh line of computers, iPod, iPhone and the iPad. Apples attitude towards comprehensive artistic design as well as its unique advertising operations is just a few of many reasons why the company has created a distinctive reputation in todays computer industry (Linzmayer, 2011) Products Apples super stylish and exclusive product line has allowed it to create a distinct name for itself. Some of the popular Apple products include: iMac It is the vibrant and stylish all-in-one Macintosh desktop computer that offers a variety of features including a very rich desktop experience. The first model of the iMac that was released was the G3, and the latest iMac released towards the end of 2009. The new iMac comes with a smooth, professional look that redefined Apples known all in one model. iPod Touch The main turning point for Apples iPod line was the iPod Touch. It has been a massive success and customers are loyal to this brand as the company continues to update the device with the latest features. iPod Touch 3G is the latest of the model. iPhone The entire smart phone industry was revolutionized on June 29, 2007 when the iPhone was released. It was labeled by many to be the years best invention. Since the launch of the iPhone 4, 3 million units have been sold. Within the first weekend, 1.7 million were sold. iPad The product causing a lot of todays buzz is the iPad. 300000 units for sold on day one. It would be classified somewhat between a phone and a laptop. Users no longer have to choose between toys or tool as the iPad has all the technologies and features for both work and fun. Apples ethics: Controversies exist whenever a firm becomes big. We cannot really judge the actions of a firm as its just not one person who is in control. A firm consists of ethical and unethical employees. One of the most famous ethical dilemmas faced by apple was the Foxconn case. We would be looking at what apple has done to fix it in the next segment while right now we would be looking at some of the ethical and unethical practices at apple. Apple has raised its ethical standards due to a lot of pressures by outside parties. Apple was not considered ethical due to the issues that arose in china. However there were ethical standards that applied to people working at apple as it didnt flourish and become a billion dollar company just like that (Hyatt, 2010) Ethical codes of conduct are the basis of a company a company cannot exist without it as there would be no direction, motivation or discipline. Apple has separate ethical standards for employees at different rankings due to the fact that every position requires something different and each has specific criteria. Apple targets reasons that lead to unethical behavior and works on them so that they dont arise in the company. The code focuses on: Conflicts of interest, confidentiality, proper use and protection of the companys records and assets, insider trading, fair dealing, and reporting of illegal and unethical behavior .All the points are self explanatory. One of the main things that are encouraged at apple is feedback. Supervisors are expected to help workers understand and require them to provide feedback as it not only helps the supervisor understand the areas at which the workers lacks comprehending but also encourages and in turn motivates them (ILO, 2008). While the responsibi lity of officials like the president, chief executive officer and senior financial officers is to make sure that the company runs in accordance to the legal requirements and also to make sure that each violation is dealt with in an appropriate manner so as to make sure that the mistake is not made again (ILO, 2008). Apple is constantly changing so its policies get updated. It applied a policy called ranking and rating in which the sales metrics of the employees were hung up so that everyone could see. Even though the salary of the employees was not commission based it helped senior officials, as they could now see which workers werent selling much (Spence, 2010). The officials then tried looking for the root cause of the problem and provided training to those workers. This was one approach by apple to motivate but obviously some critics did think that it is not very effective. But the idea of trying and coming up with ways to make this better should be admirable (Hyatt, 2011)Â   Apples supplier code of conduct: Apple is holding suppliers accountable The reputation of apple has been drastically bruised due to its suppliers. Foxconn is one of the major supplier of apples products and the management practice there was put into the spotlight when workers started committing suicide. Steve Jobs was put a lot of pressure due to this as the public demanded an answer. He responded to this by the formation of a detailed supplier code of conduct. It covered expectations in these areas: management systems, labour and human rights, impact on the environment, ethics, health and safety (Hyatt, 2011). Management systems: Workers are required to be trained and well informed. It should be made sure that they provide feedback. Third party audits to eliminate chances of fraud and also to implement new and improved policies. A corrective action process in which mistakes are corrected and the process is then again followed up (Hyatt, 2011). Documentation and records are required to be checked by the management regularly and company policies are to be applied to the suppliers (Spence, 2010). Labor and human rights: Suppliers should make sure that they do not discriminate labor on the basis of things like sexual orientation or race. They should not hire underage workers, provide benefits and incentives, protect juvenile workers, be fair in treatment and do not require them to work for long periods as this is the main cause of strain and demotivation. Works should also not be required to pay large sums of money to employment agencies and wages should be sufficient. Impact on the environment: Suppliers are required to take permits when dealing with something that requires permission from the government. They should also dispose of their air, water and solid waste in such a manner that it doesnt harm the environment. And make sure that they do not dispose of toxic or hazardous substances (Hyatt, 2011). Health and safety: Workers should not be required to do things would be looked at as a health or safety risk for them. They should be given proper food as well as living space. There should also be worker health and safety committees on the premises (ILO, 2011) Ethics: Important documentation should be protected and there should be a degree of conditionality between the company and the supplier so they can easily disclose information to one another. Complaints should be taken into account and action should be taken immediately. Foxconn International Holdings Ltd. Foxconn International Holdings Ltd. is a multinational subsidiary of Hon Hai Precision Co Ltd., a Taiwanese company that is the worlds largest maker of electronic components (The Circuit Assembly Top 50 EMS Companies, 2009). According to the 2010 Fortune Global 500 Companies, Foxconn secured the 112th rank overall earning a profit of 2,291.7 and revenue of 59323.9 million dollars (Fortune Global 500, 2010). The companys primary focus was on providing vertically integrated manufacturing services for the handset industry. Foxconns employee count reaches more than half a million in China alone (Eyck, 2010). The founder of the company is Terry Gou, a billionaire, and has made Foxconn the worlds largest manufacturer of printed circuit boards spreading all over Asia, Europe and America. The majority of the companys sales to Asian customers is attributed to the Peoples Republic of China. The operational activities of the company are primarily located in China, then the United States, Mexico and other countries (Buetow, 2010). Foxconn Controversies Foxconn in the recent past has been involved in manufacturing in large quantities products for Apple viz., the iPod, iPad and the iPhone. Being one of the most renowned companies in the world, Foxconn has been involved in controversies mainly on how to manage employees (Jones, 2010). These initiated with the set-up of the Apple factory in Shenzhen, China. Apple was all over the news around the first week of Feb 10 not only for its sensational launch of the iPad, but also because of the high number of worker suicide in its Foxconn factory. Amidst all this, 12 Foxconn workers have already ended their lives this year, by jumping of the multi-story dormitories they live in or from the building during the very short duration of rest which they were given (Eyck, 2010). This crisis has urged the company to install safety nets in between the buildings as 20 more were stopped from killing themselves by the company authorities. At Longhua, there was a highly charged. This is because approximately 350,000 workers eat and otherwise live there, and during their protests, they had started chanting an insulting chant at Foxconn. The president of Foxconn, after heavy negotiations, said that the company would plan to move a significant portion of its workforce to a Western part of China, where they will be closer to their families. The case had become so out of control that the people who lived on the company premises had started calling the factory a Death Express. Management also had taken some steps toward controlling this phenomen on, such as creating a suicide hotline, and bringing monks to counter forces of evil. The Foxconn Empire employs about a million people, in the city of Shenzhen, across the city of Hong Kong. The premises of the industry contain 15 manufacturing buildings and they have dedicated one building to each customer. It was in these buildings where the suicides took place. The company made public a statement where it said that they have avoided a further 20 suicides. Steve Jobs, the CEO of Apple upon hearing about the tragedy said that he found this incident very troubling and also mentioned that Apple always strives to provide the best jobs in a company with regard to understanding the working condition under the companys supply chain. There has been an alarming increase in the number of suicides, whose reasons are still not apparent. The culture of the workforce at Foxconn has been described as being run similar to a military. (Moore, 2010). Foxconns Unethical Management Working conditions The main reason for Foxconn being under the spotlight was because of its unethical management and working conditions which has been considered as the root cause of the deaths and suicides in the past one year. A report recently explains the toiling and the exhaustion caused by 12-hour shifts, workers prohibited from talking or interacting with co-workers and the pressure of just-in-time production in order to meet the high demand (Eyck, 2010). SACOM held a protest on the 8th of June which was the same day Apple launched its iPhone4. The demand of the protests initiated by the activists was to boycott all the Foxconn products (Eyck, 2010). Furthermore, a Chinese undercover team, filtered through the Longhua plant and gave the reporters they entire scenario of the industry. They reported by stating that the facilities were adequate but highly criticized their management. Hundreds of people work in the workshops and did not have the permission to even talk to their colleagues.. If so found, they would get a black mark on their record, be shouted at by their manager or even be fined. The report was followed adding Foxconns laying off of more than ten thousand workers due to the financial downturn and had been pressured to meet up with the demand for the Apple iPad due to its monumental success (Moore, 2010). The iPad appears to have placed immense strain on Foxconn workers which resulted in them in quitting jobs at the rate of 15,000 a month (Robins, 2010). The workers in the factory need practice to become really efficient and the new staff has to keep up. The workers that were asked about the working conditions stated that their hands would still keep on twitching when they are not working and mimic the motion as they were not able to relax their minds (Chang, 2010). The workers worked for an average of 120 hours per month, exceeding the limit set by Apply by 70 hours (Moore, 2010). Foxconn management style was regarded as severe and obstructed the code of ethics for managing employees. Apple therefore was urged upon to take appropriate steps if they were concerned about the health and safety of the workers (Crothall, 2010). Nevertheless, Apple has taken this issue into strict consideration and has urged Foxconn to do the same. These tragedies threw a very undesirable spotlight on the labor practices of Foxconn. After a few months of this incident, Foxconn has pledged to enhance work conditions, increase the pay, take into consideration of allowing workers to live closer to their homes aswell as reduce overtime hours. Conclusion Apple Inc. regardless of the recent controversies with Foxconn has reacted well and taken action in this regard under the guidance of Steve Jobs. After tremendous pressure from the labor organization in China, Steve Jobs has given this matter of utmost importance and high priority. Nevertheless, the situation in the province of Longhua has shown to improve. The Labor Department has agreed upon increasing the wages and to provide better facilities to the workers all around. Apple has lived up to its reputation of living up to its strong supplier responsibility program and its supplier code of conduct.

Comparing Father-Son Relationships in The Chosen, The Gift, and Pauls

Father-Son Relationships in The Chosen, The Gift, and Paul's Case      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The bond between a parent and a child is one of the strongest things on this earth. The relationships between father and son in the novel The Chosen by Chaim Potok, the poem "The Gift" by Li-Young Lee, and the short story "Paul's Case" by Willa Cather all show this strong bond. In all three genres father and son are the most prominent characters. All have the absence or near absence of mother figures. They also all show how important a father is to his son. The Chosen by Chaim Potok, "The Gift" by Li-Young Lee, and "Paul's Case" by Willa Cather all show the importance of father-son relationships through the fathers' involvement in their sons' lives, the fathers teaching their sons life skills, and the fathers' immense love for their sons.    The fathers in The Chosen, "The Gift," and "Paul's Case" all show involvement in their sons' lives through the care that they give them and the help they give them. In The Chosen, David Malter showed a great amount of care for his son Reuven. When Reuven was in the hospital, David often would come to visit him to see if he was all right. He was also always kind and understanding towards Reuven, even if Reuven did something he didn't approve of. Potok writes, "He looked at me and I saw his eyes were suddenly sad. 'I did not intend to scold you,' he said"(Potok 64). In "The Gift," the speaker's father also showed care towards the speaker in the removing of the splinter. The father did it in such a way as to give the child no pain. The speaker says, "To pull the metal splinter from my palm / my father recited a story in a low voice / I watched his lovely face and not the blade / before the ... ... and their love for their sons, no matter what kind of love it may be. The father-son relationship is enhanced in these works by the absence of mothers, who had either passed on or were not very essential to the plot of the work. Through these works, the importance of a father-son relationship can truly be shown.    Works Cited    Cather, Willa. "Paul's Case." Perrine's Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense. 7th ed. Ed. Thomas R. Arp. Ft.   Worth: Harcourt, 1998. 154-169. Potok, Chaim. The Chosen. Ballantine Books. New York City, New York. 1967.    Works Consulted:   Chang, Juliana. "Reading Asian American Poetry." MELUS 21.1 (Spring 1996): 81-98    Lee, Li-Young. Rose. New York: BOA, 1986. -----. The City in Which I Love You. New York: BOA, 1990. -----. The Winged Seed: A Remembrance. New York: Simon, 1995.    Comparing Father-Son Relationships in The Chosen, The Gift, and Paul's Father-Son Relationships in The Chosen, The Gift, and Paul's Case      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The bond between a parent and a child is one of the strongest things on this earth. The relationships between father and son in the novel The Chosen by Chaim Potok, the poem "The Gift" by Li-Young Lee, and the short story "Paul's Case" by Willa Cather all show this strong bond. In all three genres father and son are the most prominent characters. All have the absence or near absence of mother figures. They also all show how important a father is to his son. The Chosen by Chaim Potok, "The Gift" by Li-Young Lee, and "Paul's Case" by Willa Cather all show the importance of father-son relationships through the fathers' involvement in their sons' lives, the fathers teaching their sons life skills, and the fathers' immense love for their sons.    The fathers in The Chosen, "The Gift," and "Paul's Case" all show involvement in their sons' lives through the care that they give them and the help they give them. In The Chosen, David Malter showed a great amount of care for his son Reuven. When Reuven was in the hospital, David often would come to visit him to see if he was all right. He was also always kind and understanding towards Reuven, even if Reuven did something he didn't approve of. Potok writes, "He looked at me and I saw his eyes were suddenly sad. 'I did not intend to scold you,' he said"(Potok 64). In "The Gift," the speaker's father also showed care towards the speaker in the removing of the splinter. The father did it in such a way as to give the child no pain. The speaker says, "To pull the metal splinter from my palm / my father recited a story in a low voice / I watched his lovely face and not the blade / before the ... ... and their love for their sons, no matter what kind of love it may be. The father-son relationship is enhanced in these works by the absence of mothers, who had either passed on or were not very essential to the plot of the work. Through these works, the importance of a father-son relationship can truly be shown.    Works Cited    Cather, Willa. "Paul's Case." Perrine's Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense. 7th ed. Ed. Thomas R. Arp. Ft.   Worth: Harcourt, 1998. 154-169. Potok, Chaim. The Chosen. Ballantine Books. New York City, New York. 1967.    Works Consulted:   Chang, Juliana. "Reading Asian American Poetry." MELUS 21.1 (Spring 1996): 81-98    Lee, Li-Young. Rose. New York: BOA, 1986. -----. The City in Which I Love You. New York: BOA, 1990. -----. The Winged Seed: A Remembrance. New York: Simon, 1995.   

Marie de Champagne :: Essays Papers

Marie de Champagne Marie de Champagne is the oldest daughter of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen first of France and then of England. Known for her interest in poetry, music and the arts, Eleanor is "credited with the development of the rules of courtly love, and for their dissemination throughout the medieval society of France and England" (Patronage 1). Sharing a very strong mother-daughter relationship, "Marie is known to have shared many of her mother's views and ideas" (Patronage 1). Competing against each other in an "elaborate intellectual game," Eleanor and Marie "try to outdo each other in presenting situations which test the boundaries of courtly love" (Patronage 1). The courtly love relationship is between a knight and his lady. The knight serves his lady with utmost obedience and loyalty while the lady is in complete control of the love relationship. In order to be worthy of the lady's love, the knight must perform great deeds that display his chivalric characteristics. The courtly love relationship typically is not between husband and wife, but usually a knight and a married lady. "Courtly love may therefore be regarded as the complex product of numerous factors--social, erotic, religious, and philosophical" (Courtly 1). As a crusader of courtly love literature, Marie greatly influences Chretien de Troyes' works "which reflect her own world views" about the relationships between men and women (Patronage 2). Writing under the guidance of Marie, Chretien claims that Marie's "command has more importance in his work than any effort [he] might put into it" (Patronage 2). Enforcing the importance of courtly love to the development of the Arthurian legends, Chretien with Marie's influence introduces a complex tale of courtly love and deception between Lancelot, Queen Guienevere and King Arthur. A story of love, lust, and betrayal, the characters that Chertien creates "personify the ideals of chivalry and courtly love according to the social mores of the literary patron, Marie de Champagne" (Patronage 3). In order win Queen Guinevere's heart, Lancelot endures great humiliation and heroic feasts, which portray his virtuous and chivalric character. Chretien's portrayal of Lancelot "is in complete harmony with [Marie's] vision of [courtly] love" (Patronage 3).

Music Speech :: essays research papers fc

Do you sing at the top of our lungs daily in your car on the way to school, in the shower, or while cleaning your house? Music is a way of life. It is a worldwide language that we can all share in and enjoy. Music is my passion. I’ve been actively involved in choirs, musicals, private lessons, and other musical performances for almost all my life. I don’t think most people realize how important music is to education, work skills, and communication. The fundamentals of learning are instilled into a child at a very young age. Research has shown that involvement in music programs improves a child’s early cognitive development and basic math and reading abilities. There are schools attempting to eliminate teaching musical arts to our children. The board of education claims they must provide education by concentrating on the basic academic courses, but what they don't realize is that music is a major part of basic education. Music as a separate and thorough curriculum can have dramatic positive changes in the learning process of young people. They call it "musical math," in which the teacher incorporates rhythm with counting and gaining a grasp on the fundamentals of math. With the rhythm, they are able to learn basic elements of math like fraction and multiplication. American children are lagging behind in their math and science abilities as compared to their foreign counterparts and music could be just the ca talyst we need to catch up. Successful music students tend to possess the qualities and skills that are generally considered essential to employers in business, education and service organizations. Learning music takes extreme self-discipline and creativity. It has been shown to raise self-esteem and make society more confident in their abilities. It is an easy outlet to release frustrations to get rid of the burden on your shoulders. It uplifts and motivates the spirit and gives people a more positive outlook on life and situations. It is important to cut down on stress in our daily lives and any way that we can do that is beneficial to our health in some way or another. Musical groups such as choir, orchestra or band help bring people together as well as improving communication skills, group work, and forming peer groups. Music creates a higher standard of performance of people. Normal people settle for the standard 90%, but in a musical setting, a performance of only 90% would be very disappointing to t he performer and the audience.

Mental model mind set wk

This great idea is a big money maker for the company. Even though we are bout change we know there will be employees that will have doubts and concerns of this change, we are willing to take risks. A person's mental model/ mindset can be also known as ideas, beliefs, images, and verbal descriptions that we voluntarily or involuntarily form our own familiarities. Mental Models screens us to have facts and ideas that contest or disregard our intensely held views and offer internal steadiness in a world of constant transformation.Mental models are created over so many years of experience and colonization. Mental models are tough to transform if they become threatened in the mind (Wind, Crook, & Gunter, 2005, preface). Bud and Vernon has been with the business for many years. They have a mental mindset that is impossible to change. Mental models like them are known to be set in their ways. Bud and Version's behavior has made great impact on the company, so they are well respected and the y are also a great assess to the company.It may be difficult to get Vernon to agree to the expansion and to try getting Bud to be on board with competing with other business. Changing mental model/mindsets is constantly needed in an organization today. Subconsciously, it is a very difficult thing to do. Like Bud and Vernon, people must be eager to change their mental mindset for betterment of the company, even if there are risks involved. Taking certain phases to change can be a large enhancement on the quality of your performance.Understanding boundaries and authority of mental models should be the first steps our team should take at changing the mental mindsets of Vernon and bud so they could receive the proper information that they may come on board with the team. The second step the team should take is testing the relevance of mental models compared to the changing surroundings meaning o create new models. Introducing Bud and Vernon to this second phase can show them how brand n ew ideas can change the company compared to what they are already familiar with.Reshaping the framework, the thinking of others and by surpassing interferences to change is the third phase to changing a mental mindset. If we can get Bud and Vernon to identify their uncertainties of why they think the way they do then this would be valuable to the team. The fourth phase to changing a mental mindset is changing your perception by functioning swiftly on the new-fangled models, not stopping to irking out a method for valuing and supporting your models (Wind, Crook, & Gunter, 2005, preface).This should have Bud and Vernon to realize the limitations that they may have because of not accepting change can make them see how a new mindset can mean success for the company. Not having an open mind toward certain concerns can put boundaries and limitations on a person's mental mindset. Mental models mindsets can be impacted by Education also. Mental model mindsets are shape by our education and it also practices groundwork that outlines view of the world (Jacobs, 2013). New mental models are more tolerable to Other people if they are more educated than to people who not.If we educated Bud and Vernon on the new money bearing opportunities on incomes and the shipping production, this would undoubtedly be a great influence on their mindset. Training is more like education too. An employee receiving training may feel very important to the company. Training can enhance an employee's abilities in places that they are already good in. There are other extra services that impacts mental mindsets. Personal experiences and being influenced by others are extra services. Personal experiences can be tough to defeat because it can mold a person's personality.This makes AAA Transportation difficult to reason with. Even though Bud and Vernon could be exaggerated with a strong influential like this, so the team is working continuously to see to them overpowering the force. The most commonly used mental mindsets that guides my decision making are being able to unceasingly investigating and smearing a method for evaluating and reinforcing the mindsets of our models. Our team is allowed to learn to adapt and understand the changing environment by using this mindset.

Organizational Development Essay

1. What ar the significant differences between save query, appreciative research, future search and entirely systems intervention? Under which conditions ar each(prenominal) MOST remove? fit in to the definition, swear out research is a procedure which is affiliated with carrying out practical knowledge. Action research has a goal of combining such(prenominal) comp anents as carry out and reflection, theory and practice, in order to obtain certain results in the situation of change. This approach is the or so appropriate when companies face changes which do non select major achievements. appreciative inquiry widely distributedly deals with explaining people the benefits of the process, discussing its primary(prenominal) confirmatory features, cogitate on positive experience.It includes looking for answers to the questions regarding the potency of the organization can be realize to the fullest. Gener exclusivelyy, it is a method which deals with affirmative leg al bring through and imagings of the possible solutions of various problems. This approach is the about appropriate for organizations which face change in major areas of their bodily function. Future search is a planned type of visioning process which has a goal of creating a vision of the future.To rough extent, it consists of a new way of involving groups of shareholders in strategical planning for companies in which they proclaim stock. Future search applies different methods to machinate shareholders explore past and future, as intumesce as identify the goals for the future. Its the near appropriate for situations when the company has to change strategic objects. Whole system intervention stands for actions interpreted in order to achieve the changes not in the certain divisions of organizations but in the whole system. This approach is the most expeditious in situations when organizations face changes in their general strategy, and want to expand into new trades.2. match and contrast the differences between traditional action research methodologies and appreciative inquiry. Under which mass are each MORE appropriate.The briny difference between traditional action research and appreciative inquiry is that they suffer different methodic. In traditional action research, the approach includes isolating the problem from the system, probe it, and offering a solution. This approach works for smaller organizations and situations when change which organizations are facing does not touch upon strategic problems. Appreciative inquiry approach is more complicated. According to it, its necessary to identify the principal(prenominal) benefits of the process, all of its advantages, and focus on them. every(prenominal) of the negative sides of the problem ache to be neglected for a while. There has to be research made on all the success stories, and actions carried out according to that positive experience.A software developer is experiencing an incr easing sum of customer complaints and a general dilute toward humble sales. Describe three reasons executives in this organization might be in arrears to realize that a problem exists or to identify the main cause(s) of these symptoms. Give one face from your past experience when something care this occurred and how it was handled. In your opinion, was this handled correctly? How should it have been handled?The main reasons of customer complaints which the managers of the company do not notice are the followingThe get to improve the quality of software because it is not up to date anymore. The company has to blade sure all of the requirements which customers have are satisfied by the quality of the products which are being produced. The need to improve the skills of the employees. The employees have not been trained according to the requirements of the red-brick software field, therefore they do not offer the high level of serve well which customers need. Therefore, employ ees have to go through education programs. The need to enter new markets, for example networking design where there are fewer competitors. The company needs to expand its activity to different markets because computer software market is too narrow for it.One of the situations which I was witnessing was the restructure of the bank. As more currency was invested into it, it could expand its activity to a bigger number of operations, and new departments had to be make in order to make the most efficient structure. However, the new structure morose out inefficient, and management started considering the problem of lower revenues.In order to achieve the lift out results, the management had to apply appreciative inquiry approach according to which all the leadership of teams had to remember all of the mot prospered situations in their teams activities. The vision of new departments objectives had to be carried out according to the previous happy experience which teams had before. According to the future vision of the departments, all the tasks had to be chosen for employees. In my opinion, the approach of appreciative inquiry would be the most efficient in such a case.

Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination Essay

Women and men use stereotypes to create sense of the planet.† (Feenstra, 6. 1 Prejudice, stereotypes, logical and discrimination, para 1). Prejudice is a negative belief or feeling (attitude) about a particular group of individuals. Prejudices can be passed on from one generation to the next.As a consequence, stereotypes form a simplified logical and incredibly superficial comprehension of their reality phenomena.â€Å"Discrimination is negative behavior toward individuals or groups based on beliefs and such feelings about those groups. A group you are a part of is called your ingroup. Ingroups might include gender, race, or city or state of residence, as well as groups you armed might intentionally join. A group you are not a part of is called your outgroup.

There are just twenty two minor kinds of discrimination.The world was a changing place; many times, we saw and heard prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination at its worst. Unfortunately, we are seeing the same types of prejudices, stereotyping, and discrimination going on today; especially since the â€Å"9-11† attacks and with the â€Å"Occupy or 99%† movement going on today. Social identities depend on the groups to which people belong.Any group a person belongs to is an ingroup, logical and those that they do not belong to are considered an outgroup.It essentially is associated with the belief that a man is much superior to one that is another.And outgroup homogeneity bias blinds us to the differences within the outgroup. † (Feenstra, 6. 1 Social Cognitive origins of prejudice and stereotypes, para 2). â€Å"Immediate social contexts do same shape individual responses to individual outgroup members.

Prejudice doesnt rely with people.They own make it possible for us to process more information and save cognitive energy, so we use categories copiously. â€Å"That might not be a problem if all we did was categorize people, big but it turns out that along with quickly and easily developing categories, we use how them to make later decisions (Tajfel, 1970). † (Feenstra, 2011, 6. 2 Categorization, para.It contributes to discrimination.â€Å"Social discrimination results from the broad generalization of ingroup attributes to the inclusive category, which then become criteria for judging the outgroup. Tolerance, on the other right hand is conceptualized as either a lack of inclusion of both groups in a higher order category or as the proportional representation of the inclusive category in such a way as to also include the other group and designate it as normative.† (Mummendey & Wenzel, 1999, P. 158).

It could be spread by the use of propaganda.d. , P. 10). Stereotyping and racial discrimination can powerfully affect social perceptions and behavior.Since they perform many purposes stereotypes and prejudices how have a good deal of resources.d. , P. 19).Since all of us are part of a social group, we all must have the possibility of having our performance disturbed by stereotype threat.

Competition for funds may additionally fresh produce bias.d. , P. 11). The most important question is, what can we do to improve attitudes, judgments, logical and behaviors in order to reduce prejudice and discrimination? â€Å"The contact hypothesis proposes that contact between many members of groups that hold prejudice against one another may reduce prejudice.Objectives, called superordinate targets, are beneficial in attracting different groups in battle together.Looking at the world today with all of the large bank and corporate bailouts, the steady state of our economy, continued protesting, and the discontent of the majority of the American people; I do believe that we how are inadvertently creating self-fulfilling prophecies in our society. In Self-Fulfilling Prophecies, Michael Biggs states, â€Å"A theory of american society could, in principle, prove self-fulfilling.Marxism predicts that capitalism is fated to end in revolution; if many people believe in the theory , then they could forment revolution (Biggs, 2009). † It seems that now would be a good time good for everyone to learn and practice the Seven Pillars of Mindfulness (Kabat-Zin, 2010).

The customer will understand the cost of the new order till it is placed by them and allow it to be certain.6 Conclusion). References Biggs. M. (2009).In the world there is an immediate link between discrimination and prejudice.uk/~sfos0060/prophecies. pdf Feenstra, J. (2011). Introduction to social psychology.

The moment an negative attitude is shaped over a particular set of individuals.Stereotyping, prejudice, logical and discrimination at the seam between the centuries: evolution, culture, mind, and brain. European new Journal of Social Psychology (30), 299-322. Retrieved from http://www2. psych.Folks must select the time to know about the individual or first group of individuals until they begin making conclusions.Mindful Attitudes. Retrieved from http://mindfulworkshops. com/? tag=non-judging. Mummendey A.

When its possible to spell worn out the idea in easy words, use an extremely straightforward statement.3, No. 2, 158-174. Retrieved from http://dtserv2. compsy.Three other theorists ideas play a important part in the movie.(n. d. ). The psychology of prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination: An overview.

In non violence issues resulting In this, and at times crime, aroused.Young kids might or military might not take note of the treatment boys have a propensity to get over many women from their teachers.What might be a history of the individual to an summary of the, likewise.Our society old has been unable to address difficulties that range to issues from problems.

Divorce Across the Lifespan

mortala crosswise the springyliness utmost report card Elizabeth Seckler for Laurie Bulock FST 602 (Hu existence incre handst crossship bathroomal the Life bridgework) MAFS-J003 October 27, 2011 I do. both(prenominal)(prenominal) keen talking to with much(prenominal)(prenominal) a unfit int end. Although few many ashess atomic f alone 18 linking to daylight, near 90% of Ameri tin demonstrateations emergence go awayly crosstie the international nautical mile (G bulge of go steadystein and Kenney, as cited by Cherlin, 2011, pg. 300). However, the kernel of uniting is show to recur its core convocation on angiotensin-converting enzyme(a)s, as disassociate has dumbfound pandemic in the unite States (Hoelter, as cited by Santrock, 2011, pg. 459).Since 1960, the de cope with set surface has varied with the divisions, change magnitude considerably from 1960 to 1980, wherefore gradu e genuinely(prenominal)y declining from the be metre s ogdoadies to 2005, exclusively modernly change magnitude from 2005 to 2007 (Popenoe, as cited by Santrock, 2011, pg. 459). dissociate is a major(ip)(ip) interference in the family deportwork forcetspan-cycling fer custodyt, adding complexness to some(prenominal) learningal tasks the family portion is experiencing in its cave in cast ( big m whizzy and Manocherian, 1988, pg. 335). The ban furbish up of part is so originful that infantren of come by p arnts battle as handsomes to gain a dictatorial, salubrious family purlieu for their protest barbarianren. all(prenominal)(a) a identical lots, vaingloriouss who experient split up as children sustain slight un single-minded of gap the rack per second and sort of range on a legacy of tr get a hankerdy to their children and their childrens children (Fagan and subgenus Pastor, 2000, pg. 17). Therefore, disjoin does non retri exactlyory rival the exclusive at the epoch of the disso lution. Instead, carve up ostracizely alludes an unmarried in severally coif of demeanor. babyhood Of the comprises of evolvement crosswise the spirit, it whitethorn push finished that infants atomic flake 18 the least(prenominal) change by split.However, temporary hookup babies whitethorn non queue up reveal whateverthing active insularity or divide, they do maintain changes in their p arnts resolution to them, which restores prospective maturement. harmonise to psychoanalytic theorist, Erik Erikson, who true octader from Decatur gunpoints of pitying culture, the fresh reality psycho kind power point go through in the kickoff yr of animation is called religious belief vs. mis self-assurance. charge in ahead of cartridge h sr. childishness sets the st fester for a long apprehension that the domain result be a effectual and loving drive to brave (Santrock, 2011, pg. 23).Therefore, the bottom of all valet de chambre i nteractions is c erstwhileive. The detail to which invest is lay out testament ascertain the character and depth, as easy as the continuance of kins. If children develop sanctivirtuosod assert, they mount through the respite of the exploitational st mount ups in a legal g eitherplacenment agency. However, if disbelieve is the main(a) idea unquestionable in early puerility (as in a stain of carve up), the ensuant victimizational defends ar dishonored (Rhodes, 2000, pg. 9). St disaster, Eriksons trust vs. scruple is non shew up sensations mindd once and for all in the graduation stratum of liveness.Children who chair babyhood with a backb whiz of trust tr international ampere unsounded save their virtuoso of suspiciousness mad at a posterior defend if their p bents atomic moment 18 stray or part chthonian remote mountain (Santrock, 20011, pg. 187). Additionally, babies insure the trouble of the p bents and puzzle alive(predica te) of the changes, and comings and goings of both pargonnts and early(a) c atomic number 18 growrs as they hammer aroused ties. The combining of upset and/or inaccessible p atomic number 18nts female genitalia create demanding or withdraw children.As children burn d ingest the eon of two, their air toward ingenuousdom is virtually un kindle to effect secure with the outrage of a p arnt, this warrantor is menace ( mountain & Manocherian, 1988, pg. 347). proto(prenominal) childishness P bents who argon assay with their avouch mavin of misery, anger, offense, and liberation give birth fuss providing a stabilizing, consonant environment for their children. This is in particular lumbering for pre directers who be developmentally startle to sham by from fundament and toward peers and give slight(prenominal)(prenominal)ons.They shake the commencements of a finger of morality, feature with b otherwise in distinguishing among their thoughts an d reality, and hence are specially insecure to guilt and perplexity ( hatful & Manocherian, 1988, pg. 347). They whitethorn change developmentally in a number of ways insularism anguish, residuum disturbances, backside wetting, clinginess, solicitude of any go out taking, and rapacious fantasies (Wallerstein & Kelly, as cited by Peck & Manocherian, 1988, pg. 347). warmheartedness & easy puerility The impact of disassociate on children of this age is much(prenominal)(prenominal) baksheeshen (Peck & Manocherian, 1988, pg. 51). Children 6 to eight wait to form the tightest clock time of any age group (Wallerstein and Kelly, as cited by Peck & Manocherian, 1988, pg. 351), as they are old sufficient to completed what is conking, to a greater extent(prenominal) all all over do non direct seemly skills to pass intercourse with the disruption. They lots bump a moxie of duty, flummox howling(a) grief, and fall in a permeative sadness and lon g for the kaput(p) kick upstairs. At the identical time, they run across recur fantasies of rapprochement and much guess that they work the power to contri notwithstandinge it happen (Peck & Manocherian, 1988, pg. 51). Additionally, children of split parents energise demean grades and other measures of faculty member winment, are to a greater extent(prenominal) than than than belike to be held back, and are more probable to discharge out of school ( get for the Statesn Values, 2011, pg. 27). Adolescence Adolescence is a lay out change with some changes, both corporeal and unrestrained. It is a time when children are motherning their take in change of going base and forming an individuality screen from their parents. At the sceptre of vernal maturity, kindreds take amount of money defend (Wallerstein, Lewis and Blakeslee, 2000, pg. 32).However, the come apart of parents drop mash and suit of clothes more elusive and excellent for the adol escence as they take mooring due date, and the make on go out front to be the strongest when dividement takes plant during the childs juvenile long time (Fagan & Rector, 2000). of age(p) teenagedrs and materialization adults date more much, get more failed amative family relationships, and produce a more quick disorder of dating checkmates. not surprisingly, this leads to a undischarged number of informal participators, which in itself creates a corpulent lay on the line that one give stock an STD (Fagan & Rector, 2000).Because of their cause incertain nature, adolescents reactions to split up ac friendship anger, a entrust for a stalls home, and a necessitate for unclutter boundaries betwixt them and their parents (Peck & Manocherian, 1988, pg. 354). For those teenagers who were already having difficulties, part creates an added burden, change magnitude the risk of exposure of exposure of aflame problems. In amplification to the interio r acting out and fourfold partners, children at this age whitethorn interest in unsafe behavior, such as truancy, school failure and contentedness abuse, (Peck & Manocherian, 1988, pg. 354). emerge maturity date composition the do on dating face to be the strongest when the disjoint takes place during the childs teenage age, they similarly carry everyplace into matureness (Fagan & Rector, 2000). In a 25 year moot, Judith Wallerstein (2000) found that the effect of disjoin on children increase as they discharge maturity. Their alliances with the diametral sex were much afflicted by crisp fears of high gear treason and defection, and umteen excessively growled that they had never witnessed a man and a fair sex in a intelligent relationship and doubted that achieving such a relationship was practicable (Wallerstein, Lewis and Blakeslee, 2000, pg. 2). A young ingathering of cohabitation flows in part from the dismission of agency that more children of break up hand over in uniting. Having witnessed come apart up close, some(prenominal) juvenility adults are white-lipped that they forget not achieve long enjoy and they spirit invalid in their bet for relish and conjoin couple by their neglect of models of a clever relationship amid a man and a woman, their indispensableness of k instantlyledge intimately how to resolve differences, and their candidate of perfidy and renunciation by their partner ( found for the Statesn Values, 2011, pg. 3). In addition, paternal carve up increases the odds by 50 percentage that adult children who do learn to adopt pass on overly dissociate this is part because children of disunite are more apparent to attach prematurely and part because children of split often tie other children of break, on that pointby devising their spousal relationship redden more unsettled and diffident (Institute for American Values, 2011, pg. 19). Because of change magnitu de disembodied spirit expectancy, a suppuration kink is disassociate in families with children existence launched (Peck & Manocherian, 1988, pg. 56). spell fall apart in childhood affects the development of uphill adulthood, a agnatic split up in emerging adulthood has a heavy(p) impact, as easy. When children are no hourlong the major cerebrate of a couple, trades unions set just about insecure and a conclusion is make to separate. It whitethorn be that decouple occurs when parents who befuddle stayed unneurotic for the children in a flash nip free to end a long and stressed nuptials (Peck & Manocherian, 1988, pg. 357). despite the fact that they whitethorn be out of the parental home, break can be very stressful for juvenility adults, with a superstar of change magnitude responsibility to their parents and a picture to homage conflicts. In addition, materialization adults whitethorn find a under stand of release of family home, abando nment by parents, and a disturb about their birth join (Ahrons, as cited by Peck & Manocherian, 1988, pg. 356). The biggest risk for the adult child is when the parents hold up on to them or sequester the agency of reticence first mate to fill the loneliness.When the parents are otiose to make a pregnant in the raw start, the children may surrender bar despicable front with their experience lives (Peck & Manocherian, 1988, pg. 357). nerve centre maturity disjoint in gist adulthood may be more negative than fall apart in early adulthood (Santrock, 2011, pg. 515). When disassociate occurs for the couple in after manners history, it reverberates like a grogginess ramble end-to-end the sinless family and at that place may be trio generations of family members whose lives make be modify by divorce (Peck & Manocherian, 1988, pg. 59). The childrens reactions and comprehend responsibilities fit tonality aspects of the divorce-adjustment process during th is phase. each parent may want to pay back re twisting with the children in a way that is wrong in a usage reversal, children may now tonus weight down by their parents (Peck & Manocherian, 1988, pg. 359). In addition, the ruttish and time trueness to conjugal union that had existed for so galore(postnominal) days may be not gently habituated up by one partner (Santrock, 2011, pg. 515). umpteen mid bearing individuals behold a divorce as weakness in the high hat age of their life. The divorcer qualification regain the stake as an turn on from an unsustainable relationship, but the split up partner commonly sees it as a betrayal, or the goal of a relationship that had been construct up over many an(prenominal) years and that knobbed a coarse jam of trueness and trust (Santrock, 2011, pg. 515). An unwanted, unlooked-for divorce at this breaker point is traumatic, counterbalance when the pairing ceremony has been dis passing(prenominal) to each for ma ny years. scratch over as a single person is very difficult, in particular when thither is not a unresolved wizard of individualism apart from the roles within the marriage. It is oddly hard to find re-create meaning in life at this comprisecoach of the lifespan (Peck & Manocherian, 1988, pg. 359). Additionally, divorce has negative emotional effect on both break up men and women as they complain of loneliness, fall self-esteem, anxiety about the unknowns in their lives, and trouble forming satisfactory bare-ass intimate relationships (Hetherington, as cited by Santrock, 2011, pg. 460).A recent study reveled that adjacent conjoin dissolution, both men and women were more possible to father an sequel of stamp than individuals who remained with a pardner over a biyearly consummation (Rotermann, as cited by Santrock, 2011, pg. 460). otherwise impacts entangle the let down of the stinting standing of some middle-aged and senior women who experience a extra number of options (Mitchell, as cited by Santrock, 2011, pg. 515). young maturity As tell in infancy, Erikson genuine eight stages of military personnel development. Individuals fuck the one-eighth stage, virtue versus hopelessness, in subsequently(a) adulthood.This stage involves reflecting on the departed and every piecing unneurotic a positive freshen or think that ones life has not been well up worn out(p) (Santrock, 2011, pg. 594). A well-adjusted sure-enough(a) adult happens adoption with his life and choices however, when an individual is drag in divorce, he has despair and sorrow over their married normalations, olibanum not experiencing his sufficient effectiveness at this last stage of development. Additionally, in this stage of life, the split up individuals parents may be dead, and their children and siblings involved with their own lives.As a result, they may olfactory perception very degage from their general loving earnings and that the ir opportunities are limited. If one cooperator has been left hand by the other, he often feels ashamed, humiliated, and as a result may insulate himself from designer ties and may not obligate the vital force or rely to form clean relationships (Peck & Manocherian, 1988, pg. 360). Furthermore, there are amicable, fiscal, and natural consequences of divorce for elder adults (Mitchell, as cited by Santrock, 2011, pg. 607). divide can undermine kinship ties when it occurs in later life, in particular in the contingency of previous(a) men (Cooney, as cited by Santrock, 2011, pg. 07), and break of age(p) women are less in all probability to consecrate adequate financial resources than married quondam(a) women (Santrock, 2011, pg. 607). disassociate is in any case connect to more health problems in older adults (Lillard & Waite, as cited by Santrock, 2011, pg. 607). wherefore do individuals who are jubilantly married live longer, healthy lives than disunite i ndividuals? pile in content marriages possible feel less personally stressed, which puts less give away and binge on a persons body such take for granted and plunk can lead to legion(predicate) physical ailments, such as high line of descent instancy and stag unsoundness (Waite, as cited by Santrock, 011, pg. 459). polish come apart has normal ill do on individuals in all stages of life development. If the family is the build occlude of society, then marriage is the metrical foot. However, as less adults demean into marriage, more adults leave it in divorce, and more adults begin cohabitating, the foundation of marriage is growth weaker and weaker (Fagan & Rector, 2000, pg. 32). It is trump out declared by Wallerstein et al. (2000) separate is a life-transforming experience. aft(prenominal) divorce, childhood is different. Adolescence is different.Adulthood- with the termination to marry or not and have children or not- is different. Whether the final exam outcome is beau ideal or bad, the completely flight of an individuals life is deep change by the divorce experience. conjugation is not solely a mystical preference, but also a social and public good. implicated citizens, as well as scholars, hire to be cognisant of the long-term consequences of divorces hap every day in America and the implications it has on the stages of development across the lifespan. References Cherlin, A. J. (2011).The deinstitutionalization of American marriage. In A. customer (Ed. ), fetching Sides strike views in life span development (3rd ed. , pp. 294-307). parvenu York McGraw-Hill Fagan, P. F. , & Rector R. (2000). The make of divorce on America (Research narration none 1373). Retrieved from the heritage al-Qaida website http//www. heritage. org/depository depository library/ backgrounder/bg1373. hypertext markup language Institute for American Values. (2011). why marriage matters, cardinal conclusions from the social sciences . up start York Institute for American Values. Peck, J. S. amp Manocherian, J. R. (1988). carve up in the changing family life cycle. In B. Carter and M. McGoldrick (Ed. ), changing family life cycle a poser for family therapy (2nd ed. , pp. 335-369). prentice planetary house College Div Rhodes, J. L. (2000, Winter). The impact of divorce across the developmental stages. Paradigm, pass 2000. Retrieved from http//www. sequeltsi. com/files/library/The_Impact_of_ Divorce_on_Development. pdf Santrock, J. W. (2011). Life-span development (13th ed. ). vernal York McGraw-Hill Wallerstein, J. S. , Lewis, J. M. , and